Place resistors, capacitors, inductors, switches, Shockley diodes, LEDs, Zeners, and Ebers-Moll NPN transistors with live electron animation.
Interactive transient simulation of a 47 µF capacitor charging from 10V DC through a 470 Ω resistor and discharging to ground via an SPDT toggle switch.
Verify V = I × R and Joule power P = V × I in real time using a 12V DC source, precision 120 Ω load resistor, inline Ammeter, and parallel Voltmeter.
Simulate AC-to-DC power conversion with four 1N4007 Shockley diodes and a switchable 100 µF reservoir capacitor showing ripple voltage live.
Drive an L = 25 mH, C = 10 µF, R = 8 Ω series tank with a square wave or sine wave to observe natural resonant ringing at f₀ ≈ 318.3 Hz.
Side-by-side comparison of two incandescent lamps in series versus a parallel lamp on a 12V battery, demonstrating voltage division and brightness.
See why LEDs require series current-limiting resistors: compare a safely ballasted 20 mA Green LED against an unprotected Red LED across 9V.
Use a 5V logic micro-current (~0.43 mA) at the Base of a 2N3904 Ebers-Moll NPN transistor to switch a 9V Blue LED collector load between Cutoff and Saturation.
Visualize small-signal voltage amplification and 180° phase inversion on a voltage-divider-biased 2N3904 NPN stage with emitter degeneration.
Balance and unbalance a 4-arm Wheatstone bridge with a variable Rx sensor potentiometer and read millivolt differential voltage across the bridge.
Feed a noisy 12V ± 3V rippled supply into a reverse-biased 5.1V Zener shunt regulator and observe rock-steady clamped load voltage.
Sweep AC frequency through an R = 1 kΩ, C = 1.5 µF passive low-pass filter (fc ≈ 106 Hz) to measure −3 dB attenuation and phase shift.
Block DC offsets and attenuate low-frequency hum while passing crisp high-frequency waveforms and square-wave edge spikes.
Interactive electrical wiring trainer showing how two SPDT switches linked by traveler wires control one lamp from upstairs or downstairs.
Trigger a deliberate parallel dead-short fault across a 12V/12W lamp and watch the 1.5A safety fuse melt open to prevent wiring fire.
Inspect single-diode AC rectification, 0.7V forward barrier drop, and negative half-cycle blocking on a live dual-trace oscilloscope.
Demonstrate Faraday-Lenz inductance V = L(dI/dt) and see how a parallel freewheeling diode safely circulates inductive kickback current when a coil switch opens.
Explore linear resistive voltage division and loading effects interactively with a 10V DC supply, fixed top resistor, variable bottom resistor, and voltmeter.
Compare AlGaInP Red (~1.85V), GaP Green (~2.15V), and InGaN Blue (~3.05V) LEDs side-by-side to see quantum photon energy E = hc/λ in electronics.
Verify ∑V_loop = 0 around closed DC meshes by measuring exact node potentials and algebraic component drops.
Verify charge conservation ∑I_in = ∑I_out at multi-branch T-junctions with animated branch current particles.
Size reservoir filter capacitors for linear AC-DC power supplies and measure peak-to-peak ripple Vpp under varying load currents.
Convert a square wave into a triangular ramp waveform when RC time constant exceeds half the signal period.
Extract sharp positive and negative trigger spikes from digital clock edges using a short-time-constant RC high-pass network.
Master all three NPN BJT operating modes interactively by sweeping base current Ib and monitoring Vce and β-gain live.
Protect sensitive ADC inputs from overvoltage spikes and negative excursions using bidirectional Zener clamping.
Compare all three classic second-order differential equation step responses by tuning series resistance R across 2√(L/C).
Reduce a resistive source network to Vth and Rth, and verify maximum power transfer when R_load = R_thevenin.
Simulate industrial quarter-bridge transducer conditioning and calculate sensitivity in mV/V per ohm change.
Use X-Y dual-channel oscilloscope mode to measure phase angles and harmonic ratios visually from straight lines, ellipses, and figure-eights.
Understand why 12V automotive ECUs and microcontroller relay drivers use clamping diodes across inductive solenoid coils.